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linux下使用Apache搭建文件服务器的步骤

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一.关于文件服务器

在一个项目中，如果想把公共软件或者资料共享给项目组成员，可以搭建一个简易的文件服务器来实现，只要是在局域网内的成员都可以通过浏览器或者wget命令来下载和访问资料。可以达到信息共享，软件版本一致的效果。本文讲述在linux环境下使用Apache服务搭建文件服务器。

二.使用Apache搭建文件服务器

1.Apache服务在linux环境下的程序叫做httpd，所以首先安装httpd服务，如果配置好了yum源的话，直接使用yum命令安

装,如果没有配置好yum源的话，可以参考博客“linux 配置本地yum源，配置国内yum源，配置epel源”进行配置，网址为：//www.jb51.net/article/202406.htm


[root@node5 ~]# yum -y install httpd

2.启动httpd服务


#启动httpd服务
[root@node5 ~]# systemctl start httpd

#查看httpd服务状态
[root@node5 ~]# systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
  Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
  Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-12-17 16:26:05 CST; 7s ago
   Docs: man:httpd(8)
      man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 98576 (httpd)
  Status: "Processing requests..."
  CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
      ├─98576 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
      ├─98577 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
      ├─98578 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
      ├─98579 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
      ├─98580 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
      └─98581 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Dec 17 16:26:05 node5 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Dec 17 16:26:05 node5 httpd[98576]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 192.168.110.184. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to su...ss this message
Dec 17 16:26:05 node5 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

#查看Apache版本
[root@node5 ~]# httpd -version
Server version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
Server built:  Nov 16 2020 16:18:20

3.查看IP地址，访问Apache页面


#可以看到本机IP地址为192.168.110.184
[root@node5 soft]# ifconfig 
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet 192.168.110.184 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.110.255
    ether 00:0c:29:11:c4:4a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
    RX packets 24682 bytes 13301526 (12.6 MiB)
    RX errors 0 dropped 4 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 15119 bytes 2166095 (2.0 MiB)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
    inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
    inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
    loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
    RX packets 2402 bytes 221903 (216.7 KiB)
    RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
    TX packets 2402 bytes 221903 (216.7 KiB)
    TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

在浏览器里访问http://192.168.110.184/，如果出现如下界面说明Apache服务安装成功

4.创建共享目录/opt/soft，把需要共享的文件都放在这个目录


[root@node5 soft]# mkdir /opt/soft

#此命令把系统所有的tar.gz的压缩包都放在共享目录里
[root@node5 soft]# find / -name "*.tar.gz" -exec mv {} /opt/soft \;

[root@node5 soft]# ls /opt/soft/
amhello-1.0.tar.gz      elasticsearch-6.2.2.tar.gz     FastDFS_v5.08.tar.gz    kibana-6.2.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz nginx-1.19.3.tar.gz     ntp-4.2.6p5.tar.gz   tomcat-native.tar.gz
apache-tomcat-8.0.51.tar.gz  fastdfs_client_java._v1.25.tar.gz findfile.tar.gz       libopts-40.0.15.tar.gz      nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz     rarlinux-3.8.0.tar.gz 饼干.txt
commons-daemon-native.tar.gz fastdfs-nginx-module_v1.16.tar.gz jdk-8u172-linux-x64.tar.gz nginx-1.10.0.tar.gz        ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz today_db.tar.gz

5.因为访问Apache页面默认读取的是/var/www/html/页面，所以把共享目录链接到/var/www/html/下就可以了


[root@node5 ~]# ln -s /opt/soft /var/www/html/file

[root@node5 ~]# ll /var/www/html/file
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Dec 17 16:29 /var/www/html/file -> /opt/soft

6.重启Apache服务，查看页面


[root@node5 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

使用浏览器访问http://192.168.110.184/file/，如果出现如下界面，就说明文件服务器搭建好了

7.通过网页我们发现中文是乱码，可以修改配置文件使中文正常显示


#在Apache配置文件的末尾追加一行
[root@node5 ~]# echo "IndexOptions Charset=UTF-8" >> /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

[root@node5 ~]# systemctl restart httpd

再次访问网页http://192.168.110.184/file/，发现页面的中文正常显示了

三.测试文件服务器是否可用

1.在windows上使用浏览器访问http://192.168.110.184/file/，如果页面可以打开，并且点击软件会自动下载，说明通过windows下载文件成功。

2.在局域网内的另外一台linux机器上测试是否可以下载文件


#首先在node8机器上使用root账户测试下载文件
#使用wget命令下载文件
[root@node8 ~]# wget http://192.168.110.184/file/饼干.txt
--2020-12-17 16:53:00-- http://192.168.110.184/file/%E9%A5%BC%E5%B9%B2.txt
Connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1181 (1.2K) [text/plain]
Saving to: ‘饼干.txt'

100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 1,181    --.-K/s  in 0s   

2020-12-17 16:53:00 (130 MB/s) - ‘饼干.txt' saved [1181/1181]
 
[root@node8 ~]# wget http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz
--2020-12-17 16:53:26-- http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz
Connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 767 [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘today_db.tar.gz'

100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 767     --.-K/s  in 0s   

2020-12-17 16:53:26 (268 MB/s) - ‘today_db.tar.gz' saved [767/767]

#发现文件能正常下载
[root@node8 ~]# ls 饼干.txt today_db.tar.gz
today_db.tar.gz 饼干.txt

#使用node8机器上的普通账户file1测试下载文件
[root@node8 ~]# useradd file1

[root@node8 ~]# echo "123456" | passwd --stdin file1
Changing password for user file1.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@node8 ~]# su - file1 
[file1@node8 ~]$ pwd
/home/file1
[file1@node8 ~]$ ls
[file1@node8 ~]$ wget http://192.168.110.184/file/饼干.txt
--2020-12-17 17:44:10-- http://192.168.110.184/file/%E9%A5%BC%E5%B9%B2.txt
Connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1181 (1.2K) [text/plain]
Saving to: ‘饼干.txt'

100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 1,181    --.-K/s  in 0s   

2020-12-17 17:44:10 (254 MB/s) - ‘饼干.txt' saved [1181/1181]

[file1@node8 ~]$ wget http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz
--2020-12-17 17:44:20-- http://192.168.110.184/file/today_db.tar.gz
Connecting to 192.168.110.184:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 767 [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: ‘today_db.tar.gz'

100%[=======================================================================================================================================================================>] 767     --.-K/s  in 0s   

2020-12-17 17:44:20 (216 MB/s) - ‘today_db.tar.gz' saved [767/767]

#发现能正常下载文件
[file1@node8 ~]$ ls
today_db.tar.gz 饼干.txt

自此文件服务器搭建成功，功能正常。

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