这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了android实现主动连接和被动连接的蓝牙聊天功能，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下
正文
android实现主动连接和被动连接的蓝牙聊天功能
在项目中经常用到蓝牙的应用，在这里特意写了一个demo。并且封装了代码，可以主动连接和被动连接一起使用，也可以分开使用。方便后面以后查询使用，也重新踩了部分坑。
项目地址：android实现蓝牙聊天功能
1、程序简单的界面
2、客户端，主动连接
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package com.bluetooth.tool; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.UUID; //蓝牙连接管理类 public class BluetoothManage { private static final Object mLock = new Object(); //蓝牙类的具体实现核心成员 private BluetoothAdapter mBtAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); //蓝牙类的具体数据核心成员 private BluetoothSocket mTransferSocket = null; //当前连接的蓝牙地址 String mstrName = "";//当前连接用到的IP地址 String mstrAddress = "";//当前连接用到的IP地址 //读线程 ReadThread mReadThread = null; //从数据核心成员拿到的输入输出 InputStream mInputStream = null; OutputStream mOutputStream = null; private static BluetoothManage manage = null; public static BluetoothManage getInstance(){ synchronized (BluetoothManage.class){ if(manage == null) manage = new BluetoothManage(); } return manage; } public boolean sendData(int nLength, byte[] data) { if (mOutputStream == null) return false; try { mOutputStream.write(data, 0, nLength); return true; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return false; } ConnectListener mConnectListener = null; public void regConnectListener(ConnectListener arg0) { mConnectListener = arg0; } TopDataIOListener mIOListener = null; public void regIOListener(TopDataIOListener arg0) { mIOListener = arg0; } public void unRegIOListener() { mIOListener = null; } public boolean setSelectedDevice(String strDevice) { String[] strings = strDevice.split("\\|"); if (strings.length == 2) { mstrName = strings[0]; mstrAddress = strings[1]; return true; } return false; } public String getSelectedDeviceName() { if (mstrAddress.length() == 0) { return null; } return String.format("%s|%s", mstrName, mstrAddress); } public void connect() { if (mstrAddress.length() == 0) return; final BluetoothDevice device = mBtAdapter.getRemoteDevice(mstrAddress); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { synchronized (mLock) { String strLogString = ""; try { try { mTransferSocket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB")); } catch (IOException e1) { mTransferSocket = null; } if (mTransferSocket == null) { if (null != mConnectListener) mConnectListener.OnConnectStatusCallBack(false); return; } long nStartMillTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); //连接 try { mTransferSocket.connect(); } catch (IOException e1) { try { mTransferSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e2) { e2.printStackTrace(); } //等待一定时间 mTransferSocket = null; try { long havePassTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - nStartMillTime; if (havePassTime < 6000) { Thread.sleep(7000 - havePassTime); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //连接失败 if (mTransferSocket == null) { if (null != mConnectListener) mConnectListener.OnConnectStatusCallBack(false); return; } try { mInputStream = mTransferSocket.getInputStream(); mOutputStream = mTransferSocket.getOutputStream(); mReadThread = new ReadThread(); mReadThread.start(); if (null != mConnectListener) mConnectListener.OnConnectStatusCallBack(true); } catch (IOException e1) { //断开连接 try { if (mTransferSocket != null) mTransferSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e2) { e2.printStackTrace(); } mTransferSocket = null; e1.printStackTrace(); if (null != mConnectListener) mConnectListener.OnConnectStatusCallBack(false); } } catch (Exception e) { //总体异常 if (null != mConnectListener) mConnectListener.OnConnectStatusCallBack(false); } } }//run() }).start(); } //读取数据 class ReadThread extends Thread { public void run() { int nMaxBufLength = 1024; byte[] buffer = new byte[nMaxBufLength]; int byteRead = -1; synchronized (mLock) { while (!isInterrupted()) { try { if (mInputStream != null) { byteRead = mInputStream.read(buffer); if (byteRead > 0 && byteRead <= buffer.length) { if (mIOListener != null) mIOListener.OnIOCallBack(byteRead, buffer); } else /*if (byteRead < 0 || byteRead > buffer.length)*/ { //连接已断开 if (mConnectListener != null) { mConnectListener.OnDisConnectCallBack(); } break; } } else { break; } } catch (IOException e) { //连接已断开 if (mConnectListener != null) { mConnectListener.OnDisConnectCallBack(); } break; } }//while(!isInterrupted()) }//synchronized (mLock) } } //断开蓝牙 public void disConnect() { mConnectListener = null; //结束读线程 if (mReadThread != null) { mReadThread.interrupt(); mReadThread = null; } //取消所有连接 if (mTransferSocket != null) { try { mTransferSocket.close(); if (mInputStream != null) mInputStream.close(); if (mOutputStream != null) mOutputStream.close(); mInputStream = null; mOutputStream = null; mTransferSocket = null; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { } } } } |
主动连接应该是比较简单的，一个类就能实现，包括数据的收发。
3、蓝牙服务端，接收蓝牙连接
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/** * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package com.bluetooth.tool; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothServerSocket; import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket; import android.content.Context; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.util.Log; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.util.UUID; /** * This class does all the work for setting up and managing Bluetooth * connections with other devices. It has a thread that listens for incoming * connections, a thread for connecting with a device, and a thread for * performing data transmissions when connected. */public class BluetoothChatService { // Debugging private static final String TAG = "BluetoothChatService"; private static final boolean D = true; // Name for the SDP record when creating server socket private static final String NAME = "BluetoothChat"; // Unique UUID for this application // private static final UUID MY_UUID = // UUID.fromString("fa87c0d0-afac-11de-8a39-0800200c9a66"); private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID .fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"); // // Member fields private final BluetoothAdapter mAdapter; private final Handler mHandler; private AcceptThread mAcceptThread; private ConnectThread mConnectThread; private ConnectedThread mConnectedThread; private int mState; private BluetoothDevice mBluetoothDevice = null; // Constants that indicate the current connection state public static final int STATE_NONE = 0; // we're doing nothing public static final int STATE_LISTEN = 1; // now listening for incoming // connections public static final int STATE_CONNECTING = 2; // now initiating an outgoing // connection public static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 3; // now connected to a remote // device public static boolean mbIsOpenTimer = false; /** * Constructor. Prepares a new BluetoothChat session. * * @param context * The UI Activity Context * @param handler * A Handler to send messages back to the UI Activity */ public BluetoothChatService(Context context, Handler handler) { mAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); mState = STATE_NONE; mHandler = handler; } /** * Set the current state of the chat connection * * @param state * An integer defining the current connection state */ private synchronized void setState(int state) { if (D) Log.d(TAG, "setState() " + mState + " -> " + state); mState = state; // Give the new state to the Handler so the UI Activity can update mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE, state, -1) .sendToTarget(); } /** * Return the current connection state. */ public synchronized int getState() { return mState; } /** * Start the chat service. Specifically start AcceptThread to begin a * session in listening (server) mode. Called by the Activity onResume() */ public synchronized void start() { if (D) Log.d(TAG, "start"); // Cancel any thread attempting to make a connection if (mConnectThread != null) { mConnectThread.cancel(); mConnectThread = null; } // Cancel any thread currently running a connection if (mConnectedThread != null) { mConnectedThread.cancel(); mConnectedThread = null; } // Start the thread to listen on a BluetoothServerSocket if (mAcceptThread == null) { Log.d(TAG, "start mAcceptThread"); mAcceptThread = new AcceptThread(); mAcceptThread.start(); } setState(STATE_LISTEN); } /** * Start the ConnectThread to initiate a connection to a remote device. * * @param device * The BluetoothDevice to connect */ public synchronized void connect(BluetoothDevice device) { if (D) Log.d(TAG, "connect to: " + device); // Cancel any thread attempting to make a connection if (mState == STATE_CONNECTING) { if (mConnectThread != null) { mConnectThread.cancel(); mConnectThread = null; } } // Cancel any thread currently running a connection if (mConnectedThread != null) { mConnectedThread.cancel(); mConnectedThread = null; } // Start the thread to connect with the given device mConnectThread = new ConnectThread(device); mConnectThread.start(); setState(STATE_CONNECTING); mBluetoothDevice = device; } /** * Start the ConnectedThread to begin managing a Bluetooth connection * * @param socket * The BluetoothSocket on which the connection was made * @param device * The BluetoothDevice that has been connected */ public synchronized void connected(BluetoothSocket socket, BluetoothDevice device) { if (D) Log.d(TAG, "connected"); // Cancel the thread that completed the connection if (mConnectThread != null) { mConnectThread.cancel(); mConnectThread = null; } // Cancel any thread currently running a connection if (mConnectedThread != null) { mConnectedThread.cancel(); mConnectedThread = null; } // Cancel the accept thread because we only want to connect to one // device if (mAcceptThread != null) { mAcceptThread.cancel(); mAcceptThread = null; } // Start the thread to manage the connection and perform transmissions mConnectedThread = new ConnectedThread(socket); mConnectedThread.start(); // Send the name of the connected device back to the UI Activity Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.DEVICE_NAME, device.getName()); msg.setData(bundle); mHandler.sendMessage(msg); setState(STATE_CONNECTED); } /** * Stop all threads */ public synchronized void stop() { if (D) Log.d(TAG, "stop"); if (mConnectThread != null) { mConnectThread.cancel(); mConnectThread = null; } if (mConnectedThread != null) { mConnectedThread.cancel(); mConnectedThread = null; } if (mAcceptThread != null) { mAcceptThread.cancel(); mAcceptThread = null; } setState(STATE_NONE); } /** * Write to the ConnectedThread in an unsynchronized manner * * @param out * The bytes to write * @see ConnectedThread#write(byte[]) */ public void write(byte[] out) { // Create temporary object ConnectedThread r; // Synchronize a copy of the ConnectedThread synchronized (this) { if (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) return; r = mConnectedThread; } // Perform the write unsynchronized r.write(out); } /** * Indicate that the connection attempt failed and notify the UI Activity. */ private void connectionFailed() { setState(STATE_LISTEN); // Send a failure message back to the Activity Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_TOAST); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.TOAST, "Unable to connect device"); msg.setData(bundle); mHandler.sendMessage(msg); } /** * Indicate that the connection was lost and notify the UI Activity. */ private void connectionLost() { setState(STATE_LISTEN); // Send a failure message back to the Activity Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_TOAST); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.TOAST, "Device connection was lost"); msg.setData(bundle); mHandler.sendMessage(msg); start(); } /** * This thread runs while listening for incoming connections. It behaves * like a server-side client. It runs until a connection is accepted (or * until cancelled). */ private class AcceptThread extends Thread { // The local server socket private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket; public AcceptThread() { BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null; // Create a new listening server socket try { tmp = mAdapter .listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "listen() failed", e); } mmServerSocket = tmp; } public void run() { if (D) Log.d(TAG, "BEGIN mAcceptThread" + this); setName("AcceptThread"); BluetoothSocket socket = null; // Listen to the server socket if we're not connected while (mState != STATE_CONNECTED) { try { // This is a blocking call and will only return on a // successful connection or an exception if(mmServerSocket != null) { Log.d(TAG, "waitting accept!"); socket = mmServerSocket.accept(); Log.d(TAG, "accpting!"); } else { setState(STATE_NONE); if (mAcceptThread != null) { mAcceptThread = null; } Log.d(TAG, "mmServerSocket = null!"); break; } } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "accept() failed", e); break; } // If a connection was accepted if (socket != null) { synchronized (BluetoothChatService.this) { switch (mState) { case STATE_LISTEN: case STATE_CONNECTING: // Situation normal. Start the connected thread. connected(socket, socket.getRemoteDevice()); break; case STATE_NONE: case STATE_CONNECTED: // Either not ready or already connected. Terminate // new socket. try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "Could not close unwanted socket", e); } break; } } } } if (D) Log.i(TAG, "END mAcceptThread"); } public void cancel() { if (D) Log.d(TAG, "cancel " + this); try { if(mmServerSocket != null) mmServerSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "close() of server failed", e); } } } /** * This thread runs while attempting to make an outgoing connection with a * device. It runs straight through; the connection either succeeds or * fails. */ private class ConnectThread extends Thread { private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice; public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) { mmDevice = device; BluetoothSocket tmp = null; // Get a BluetoothSocket for a connection with the // given BluetoothDevice try { tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "create() failed", e); } mmSocket = tmp; } public void run() { Log.i(TAG, "BEGIN mConnectThread"); setName("ConnectThread"); // Always cancel discovery because it will slow down a connection mAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); // Make a connection to the BluetoothSocket try { // This is a blocking call and will only return on a // successful connection or an exception mmSocket.connect(); } catch (IOException e) { connectionFailed(); // Close the socket try { mmSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e2) { Log.e(TAG, "unable to close() socket during connection failure", e2); } // Start the service over to restart listening mode BluetoothChatService.this.start(); return; } // Reset the ConnectThread because we're done synchronized (BluetoothChatService.this) { mConnectThread = null; } // Start the connected thread connected(mmSocket, mmDevice); } public void cancel() { try { mmSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "close() of connect socket failed", e); } } } /** * This thread runs during a connection with a remote device. It handles all * incoming and outgoing transmissions. */ private class ConnectedThread extends Thread { private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; private final InputStream mmInStream; private final OutputStream mmOutStream; public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) { Log.d(TAG, "create ConnectedThread"); mmSocket = socket; InputStream tmpIn = null; OutputStream tmpOut = null; try { tmpIn = socket.getInputStream(); tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream(); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "temp sockets not created", e); } mmInStream = tmpIn; mmOutStream = tmpOut; } public void run() { Log.i(TAG, "BEGIN mConnectedThread"); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int bytes; // Keep listening to the InputStream while connected while (true) { try { // Read from the InputStream if(mmInStream != null ){ bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer); if(bytes > 0 && bytes <= buffer.length) { onDadaReceive(buffer,0,bytes); } else{ Log.i("recieve", "Baddata"); } } else{ Log.i(TAG, "BadInputStream"); connectionLost(); break; } } catch (IOException e) { Log.i(TAG, "disconnected" + e.toString(), e); connectionLost(); break; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } private void onDadaReceive(byte[] buffer, int i, int bytes) { if(bytes>0) { //֪ͨܘַ mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer).sendToTarget(); } else Log.e("recieve","null"); } /** * Write to the connected OutStream. * * @param buffer * The bytes to write */ public void write(byte[] buffer) { try { mmOutStream.write(buffer); // Share the sent message back to the UI Activity mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_WRITE, -1, -1, buffer).sendToTarget(); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "Exception during write", e); } } public void cancel() { try { mmSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "close() of connect socket failed", e); } } } } |
这个蓝牙服务的代码，是标准蓝牙示例demo代码
我根据上面，自已封装了一层，方便管理数据。
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package com.bluetooth.tool; import android.content.Context; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Message; import android.util.Log; /** * 蓝牙服务，接收蓝牙连接 */public class BluetoothChat { // Debugging private static final String TAG = "BluetoothChat"; private static final boolean D = true; public static final int MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE = 1; public static final int MESSAGE_READ = 2; public static final int MESSAGE_WRITE = 3; public static final int MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME = 4; public static final int MESSAGE_TOAST = 5; // Key names received from the BluetoothChatService Handler public static final String DEVICE_NAME = "device_name"; public static final String TOAST = "toast"; private String mConnectedDeviceName = null; private static StringBuffer mOutStringBuffer; private static BluetoothChatService mChatService = null; private static Context mContext; private volatile static BluetoothChat mBluetoothChat = null; TopDataIOListener mIOListener = null; public static BluetoothChat GetInstance(Context context) { if (mBluetoothChat == null && mContext == null) { synchronized (BluetoothChat.class){ mBluetoothChat = new BluetoothChat(); mContext = context; } } return mBluetoothChat; } public void onStart() { if (mChatService == null) setupChat(); if (mChatService != null) { if (mChatService.getState() == BluetoothChatService.STATE_NONE) { mChatService.start(); } } } private void setupChat() { mChatService = new BluetoothChatService(mContext,mHandler); mOutStringBuffer = new StringBuffer(""); } public void onDestroy() { if (mChatService != null) mChatService.stop(); } public void sendMessage(String message) { if (mChatService.getState() != BluetoothChatService.STATE_CONNECTED) { Log.i("Show", ""); return; } if (message.length() > 0) { byte[] send = message.getBytes(); mChatService.write(send); mOutStringBuffer.setLength(0); } } private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what) { case MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE: if (D) Log.i(TAG, "MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE: " + msg.arg1); switch (msg.arg1) { case BluetoothChatService.STATE_CONNECTED: break; case BluetoothChatService.STATE_CONNECTING: break; case BluetoothChatService.STATE_LISTEN: break; case BluetoothChatService.STATE_NONE: break; } break; case MESSAGE_WRITE: byte[] writeBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj; String writeMessage = new String(writeBuf); break; case MESSAGE_READ: byte[] readBuf = (byte[]) msg.obj; //收到的蓝牙数据，回传给界面显示 if (mIOListener != null) mIOListener.OnIOCallBack(readBuf.length, readBuf); break; case MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME: mConnectedDeviceName = msg.getData().getString(DEVICE_NAME); Log.i(TAG, "MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME " + mConnectedDeviceName); break; case MESSAGE_TOAST: break; } } }; public void regIOListener(TopDataIOListener arg0) { mIOListener = arg0; } } |
还有一个蓝牙的广播。这里就不贴代码了。
4、权限
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<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> <!-- 部分手机6.0以上 蓝牙startDiscovery方法需要加上这个权限 --><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/> |
蓝牙服务接收广播注册
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<receiver android:name=".tool.BluetoothReceiver"> <intent-filter android:priority="1000"> <action android:name="android.bluetooth.adapter.action.STATE_CHANGED"/> <action android:name="android.bluetooth.device.action.ACL_CONNECTED"/> <action android:name="android.bluetooth.device.action.ACL_DISCONNECTED"/> <action android:name="android.bluetooth.device.action.BOND_STATE_CHANGED"/> </intent-filter> </receiver> |
5、在上面注释看到了有个bug注释
就是部分手机6.0以上 蓝牙蓝牙startDiscovery方法需要加上这个权限android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION。不然启动搜索蓝牙无效。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_16064871/article/details/78725195
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